Journal Article (print copy)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Article title. Journal Title Italicised and Capitalised, volume number also italicized, (issue number if applicable, but not italicized), start page-finish page.

Andrews, G., Halford, G. S., Shum, D. K., Maujean, A., Chappell, M., & Birney, D. P. (2014). Verbal learning and memory following stroke. Brain Injury, 28, 442-447.

Journal Article (electronic copy/ retrieved electronically)

(For articles received from online publications that are exact duplicates of those in print versions – see later section on ‘Referencing Internet Periodicals’ for more information)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Article title. Journal Title Italicised and Capitalised, volume number also italicized, (issue number if applicable, but not italicized), start page-finish page. http://dx.doi.org/

Lindsay, S. D., Hagen, L., Read, J. D., Wade, K. A., & Garry, M. (2004). True photographs and false memories. American Psychological Society, 15, 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503002.x

Journal Article in Press (posted online in a pre-print archive)

Author, A. A. (in press). Article title. Journal Title Italicised and Capitalised. http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Briscoe, R. (in press). Egocentric spatial representation in action and perception. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. http://cogprints.org/5780/1/ECSRAP.F07.pdf

Journal Article with 21 or more authors

For references with 20 authors include all authors in the reference. For 21 or more authors, list the first 19 names in the reference then insert ellipses and add the last author’s name.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F. Author, G. G, Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S.,…Author, Z. Z. (year). Article title. Journal title italicised, volume number also italicised, (issue number if applicable, but not italicized), start page-finish page. http://dx.doi.org/

Spector, P. E., Allen, T. D., Poelmans, S. A. Y. Lapierre, L. M., Cooper, C. L., O’Driscoll, M., Sanchez, J. I., Abarca, N., Alexandrova, M., Beham, B., Brough, P., Ferreiro, P., Fraile, G., Lu, C.-Q., Moreno-Velazquez, I., Pagon, M., Pitariu, H., Salamatov, V., Shima, S.,…Widerszal-Bazyl, M. (2007). Cross national differences in relationships of work demands, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions with work-family conflict. Personnel Psychology, 60, 805-835. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00092.x

Journal Article (retrieved electronically over the internet – based on a print source)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Article title. Journal Title Italicized and Capitalised, volume number also italicized, (issue number if applicable, but not italicized), start page-finish page. http://dx.doi.org/

Lindsay, S. D., Hagen, L., Read, J. D., Wade, K. A., & Garry, M. (2004). True photographs and false memories. American Psychological Society. 15, 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503002.x

Article in an Internet-Only Journal

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of journal italicised, volume number italicised. http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well being. Prevention and Treatment, 3.http://journals.apa.org/ prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html

An Article with no Author Named

Title of article (year). Journal Title Italicised and Capitalised, volume number also italicized, (issue number if applicable, but not italicized), start page-finish page.

Retrospective memory functioning (2004). Biological Psychology, 21, 239-254.

Books

Author, A. A. (year). Book title italicized. Place of publication: Publisher.

Brough, P., Brown, J., & Biggs, A. (2016). Improving criminal justice workplaces: Translating theory and research into evidenced-based practice. London: Routledge.

E-Books (Electronic version of a print book)

Author, A. A. (year). Book title italicised [Adobe Digital Editions version]. http://dx.doi.org/

Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. https://doi.org/10.1036/00713937722

E-Books (where there is no print version)

Author, A. A. (n.d.). Book title italicised. Retrieved from http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename    (note. n.d. stands for no date)

O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=135

A Book with no Author Named

Book title italicised (year). Place of publication: Publisher.

Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.) (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

Book Chapters

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Chapter title. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Book title italicised (pp. start page-finish page). Place of publication: Publisher.

Hine, T. J., McIlhagga, W. H., & Cole, G. R. (2012). From thresholds to colour names: The application of an opponent-process model. In G. Andrew & D. Neumann (Eds.), Beyond the lab: Applications of cognitive research in memory and learning (pp. 175-195). New York: Nova Science.

Newspaper Article

Author, A. A. (year, month date). Article title. Newspaper Title Italicised and Capitalised, page number (p.) or page numbers (pp.).

Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.

Magazine Article (print copy)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year, month date). Article title italicised. Magazine title, volume number also italicized, (issue number if applicable, but not italicized), start page-finish page.

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Brochure

Government or Corporate Agency. (year). Brochure title italicised [Brochure]. Place of Publication: Author.

Research and Training Centre on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS:Author.

Reports from the Government and Other Organizations

Government Agency, Group or Authors. (year). Report title italicised (report, contract or monograph number). Place of publication: Publisher.

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

For an honours, masters, or doctoral thesis retrieved from a database, use the following reference template:

Published Honours Thesis

Author, A. A. (year). Title of thesis italicised (Honours thesis, Name of University, City, Country). http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Atkins, T. J. (2013). Neuro-cognitive training with children diagnosed with Autism. (Honours thesis, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia). http://www4.uow.edu.au:2311/adt-root/uploads/approved/adt-UW14523330.6431/public/01Whole.pdf

Published Masters Thesis

Author, A. A. (year). Title of thesis italicised (Masters thesis, Name of University, City, Country). http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Letterman, A. C. (2008). Flow in musical performance (Masters thesis, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia). http://www4.gu.edu.au:8391/adt-root/uploads/approved/adt-QGU20061786.138540/public/02Whole.pdf

Published Doctoral Thesis

Author, A. A. (year). Title of thesis italicised (Doctoral thesis, Name of University, City, Country). http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Balooch, S. B. (2014). Effects of exposure therapy conducted in multiple contexts on the return of fear (Doctoral thesis, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia). https://www120.secure.griffith.edu.au/rch/file/3178d3cf-8e1e-48fd-a470-5c576687ec2f/1/Balooch_2014_02Thesis.pdf

Published Conference Paper

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Paper title. Proceedings of the Name of Conference, italicised, Place of conference italicised, volume number italicised, start page-finish page. http://dx.doi.org/

Cynx, J., Williams, H., & Nottebohm, F. (1992). Hemispheric differences in avian song discrimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 89, 1372-1375. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.4.1372

Unpublished Conference Paper

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year, month, date). Title of talk itaclicised [type of contribution]. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Title of Organisation, Place of symposium.

Rosenthal, T. L. (Chair), Lichstein, K. L., Johnson, R. S., Womack, T. D., Dean, J. E., & Childers, C. K. (1990, June). Relaxation therapy for poly-pharmacy use in elderly insomniacs and noninsomniacs [Paper presentation]. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the First International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, Uppersala, Sweden.

Stand-Alone Internet Document (Non-periodical)

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Document title italicised. Retrieved from http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Dewey, R. A. (2002). Psych web by Russ Dewey. Retrieved from http://www.psywww.com

Multi-page Internet Document by an Organization (Non-periodical)

Name of Organization (Date of publication). Document title italicised. Retrieved from http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Greater New Milford (Ct) Area Healthy Community 2000, Task Force on Teen and Adolescent Issues. (2000). Who has time for a family meal? You do! Retrieved from http://www.familymealtime.org

Section or Chapter of an Internet Document (Non-periodical)

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of chapter or section. In Title of book or larger document italicised (chapter or section number). Retrieved from http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

The Foundation for a Better World. (2000). Pollution and banana cream pie. In Great chefs cook with chlorofluorocarbons and carbon monoxide (Chapter 3). Retrieved from http://www.bam.com/cream/pollution/bananas.html

An Internet Document with no Author or Editor Named

Heuristic. (no date). In Document title italicised. Retrieved from http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.m.w.com/dictionary/heuristic

The minimum requirement for citing Internet references includes the document title or description, the date of publication and/or retrieval, and the Internet address. Wherever possible, the author/s of the document should also be included. If the author/s is/are not identified, the document title may be used instead. Use (n.d.)., when a publication date is not available. See the APA manual 7th edition for more details on referencing (how to reference TED talks, lecture notes, social media sources, and more).

Whenever possible reference specific documents rather than home or menu pages and give addresses that work. Also, use the URL as the digital identification for an article. Use a retrieval date when a website is designed to change over time. Use this format in references: http://www.apa.org/monitor/oct00/workplace.aspx

Note that Internet references should not end with a period or full-stop (.), because punctuation marks have a different meaning in the context of DOIs or internet addresses.

To cite a specific part of an electronic source, indicate the page, chapter, figure, table, or equations in text, as shown in the example below. Note that page but not chapter is abbreviated.

(Cheek & Buss, 1981, p. 332) or (Shimamura, 1989, Chapter 3)

Note: For internet articles which do not provide page numbers, use the paragraph number, preceded by the abbreviation para (e.g., Myers, 2000, para. 5). If neither paragraph nor page number are visible, cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following it to direct the reader to the location of the material (e.g., Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1).

Podcast

Producer, P. P. (Producer). (Year posted, date posted). Title of podcast italicised [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Chappell, M. (Producer). (2013, March 14). 14 Mar 2013 – 14:00 [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from https://learning.secure.griffith.edu.au/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab=courses&url=/bin/common/course.pl?course_id=_93665_1&frame=top

You Tube video

Producer, P. P. (Producer). (Year posted, date posted). Title of You Tube video italicised [You Tube video]. Retrieved from http://hostname/pathtodocument/filename

Bagleboy550. (Producer). (2007, September 23). Stupid old man wrecks Ferrari [You Tube video]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQnxGFYThKI

Motion Picture

Producer, P. P. (Producer), & Director, D.D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture italicised [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio or distributor.

Smith, J.D. (Producer), & Smithee, A.F. (Director). (2001). Really big disaster movie [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.

Television Broadcast or Television Series

Producer, P. P. (Producer). (Date of broadcast or copyright). Title of broadcast italicised [Television broadcast or Television series]. City of origin, State [or country if outside USA]: Studio or distributor.

Important, I.M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The nightly news hour [Television broadcast].  New York, NY: Central Broadcasting Service.

Music Recording

Songwriter, W. W. (Date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from song writer]. On Title of album italicised [Medium of recording: CD, record, cassette, etc.]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different from copyright date).

Taupin, B. (1975). Someone saved my life tonight [Recorded by Elton John]. On Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy [CD]. London, England: Big Pig Music Limited.